In many of the sci-fi movies, we have seen how flying personal vehicles are whooshing at high speeds along the skylines of the cities. We probably wished to see such advancements in our lifetimes. Although flying cars are still some years or decades away, a lot of those advancements we get amused by in those movies could be a reality sooner than we might think and 5G is going to play a pivotal role in those advancements.
Take, for example, connected cars. We have already seen some versions of them on the roads in some cities of the Western world and Japan. We could even find commuter cars which offer plenty of connected features. But let’s take it a notch further. Imagine a world where all the vehicles on the road talk to sensors, devices, humans, and also each other and are aware of each other’s directions, speed, and intentions. Imagine vehicles having the capability to take accurate and super quick decisions on their own to avoid any accidents, thereby leading to a truly autonomous driving experience where human inputs are either not required or even, best avoided.
To achieve this level of sophistication, one of the key elements is ultra-high-speed data transfer in large volumes across wireless networks with ultra-low latency so that systems can process data and respond with extremely high responsiveness. This is exactly what 5G is meant to do. Coupled with the surge of IoT devices and sensors, 5G has the potential to change everyone’s lives.
Now the question is how it is going to change the lives of people, especially in a country like Bangladesh. We have to remember that when 4G first arrived in Bangladesh two years ago, everybody was skeptical of this phenomenon but now everyone is reaping its benefits. Before answering the question whether Bangladesh is ready to embrace 5G technology, let’s first delve deeper into the technology itself.
What are 5G and all the hype about it?
5G is an innovative mobile technology expected to impact all aspects of our lives including homes, entertainment, work, and travel. It is expected to do so because it enables download speeds 10 to 20 times faster than the current 4G networks of today, is much more responsive than current networks, and also allows many more devices to be connected to the internet.
In short, it radically improves network bandwidth. 5G is expected to unleash an explosion in the number of connections, especially in the number of IoT devices connected to the internet and in the volume of data transmitted across networks. With such speed and capacity, 5G is expected to transform everything around us. The most obvious use cases are autonomous robots in mines, warehouses and factories, smart cities, super responsive remote surgeries over the internet, more immersive entertainment options, and cloud gaming.
5G will not substitute 4G, at least initially. But instead, it will add a layer on top of it. Along with today’s mobile towers, there will be many smaller towers or base stations that are closer to the mobile and IoT devices. These towers transmit wireless signals at a much higher wavelength than today’s signals. It is being said that all this will help reduce network latency from the current 50 milliseconds to 1 millisecond, effectively removing it.
The Telegraph says “In this world, autonomous vehicles can respond near-instantly to unexpected events, busy robots can interact with perfect precision in a factory and we can download a 4K movie on to our mobile devices in seconds”.
Now that we’re all caught up, let’s divulge into a few areas likely to be transformed by 5G
5G In health care
In places where 5G is already available, there have been some revolutionary changes in health care. In China, for example, the first remote surgery was successful. The surgeons who did it say, without the ultra-low latency provided by 5G, this would have been impossible. With a 5G enabled network, complicated or specialized surgeries and procedures would be possible at local hospitals through robotic surgeries either by remote specialist surgeons or local doctors with remote specialists on standby to step in, in case a need arises.
This makes such facilities accessible to a much larger population, and especially to those in remote regions. Perhaps, scenarios, where a Surgeon does multiple surgeries in multiple rooms in a day without ever getting inside one, are not so far away. The large amount of data collected and transmitted by the robotic machines which do these surgeries further adds to the accuracy and learnings of such procedures. In health care, location will continue to diminish in significance for not just surgeries, but assessments, monitoring, and treatments too. 5G will enable doctors to monitor and check on the patients at their homes with sensors and other internet-enabled devices.
5G in Artificial Intelligence
With its hunger for large magnitudes of data, 5G will inevitably transform the AI landscape even further. Devices collecting and transmitting data for analytics will increase in numbers dramatically, and so is the data per device. Optimistic predictions are that we see radical transformations all across industries with transformations of existing use cases and the emergence of new use cases.
With the arrival of 4G, we already saw the changes with new and disruptive players like Uber taking the center stage and shattering well-established markets. With 5G being touted as a much bigger game-changer, it wouldn’t be a surprise to see such newer revolutionary players with new business models and destabilizing traditional businesses. We can also expect the Tech Giants (Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon) to venture into more business sectors and astound everyone with their superlative products.
5G in Retail
5G is expected to be a catalyst for the E-commerce retail sector which will very likely see numerous game-changing transformations in the coming years. User interface/experience is the space that will see some of the most visible changes where the customer is expected to get a much more immersive experience of the product or service, possible because of a superior bandwidth offered by 5G. E-commerce systems would also perform noticeably faster, given the ultra-low network latency. Another space that can get a boost by 5G is the inventory accuracy across multiple distribution centers and stores. Recommender systems and forecasting models are also anticipated to be much more robust, more reliable, and personalized due to the much larger amounts of data collected across the board. Expect the physical store experience also to be dramatically transformed as insights gathered will help retailers understand the demand, trends, and preferences based on even categories previously unheard of. Most of these changes are already happening in most major retailers. But with 5G, retailers can be more surefooted of such radical changes with the insights from more accurate AI and ML models.
5G in Manufacturing and Supply Chain
In manufacturing, expensive workflow shutdowns due to unexpected failure of equipment could soon be a thing of the past. Some factories are already revolutionizing their shop floor with sensors that can quickly send massive amounts of data on machinery and other equipment and detect possible failures well in advance and take appropriate actions. Warehouses could soon be taken over by an army of robots that are much more efficient, accurate, and faster than today’s, just because they can communicate much faster with tons more information and coordinate among themselves.
Supply chain networks will operate with much better efficiency and coordination, thanks to an invasion of IoT sensors all across the supply chain pipeline. Drones making last-mile delivery are already in pilot stages. There are also reports of Amazon envisaging giant flying automated warehouse motherships from where drones can make last-mile deliveries. Such innovations will get a shot in the arm with 5G and its ability to handle multiple devices with speed and responsiveness.
Impact of 5G on work
Work could also be transformed significantly by 5G. One of the focus could be on improvements in enabling people to work from wherever they want. Many professions which have traditionally shied away from the work from home culture could very well embrace it, again transforming not just work, but our cities.
For many, living in a big city may not be a necessity anymore. Similarly, companies wouldn’t need to be focused on location anymore. They could hire talent from anywhere in the world. This could not just transform the prospects of the company, but also radically change our cities and lifestyles. But on the downside, the widespread automation driven by 5G could wipe out quite a few jobs. Unskilled jobs are the most at threat.
In the 5G world, finding suitable employment would be tough if you’re unskilled. Governments across the world would need to have a focus on the shift in job trends and have the intent, plan, and infrastructure for reskilling the workforce based on the ever-evolving needs of the industries. Online training and courses are also expected to evolve and be more effective. Hence, the delivery of training could be radically different from what it is today.
5G and Smart Cities
The definition of “smart city” varies widely among different experts and a true consensus is rather hard to achieve. But for the sake of context, let me define a smart city as one in which the multiple government or public departments, services, agencies, social service groups, local communities are interconnected and enabled by a multitude of sensors, cameras, and other devices. Here, information flows freely and quickly across all departments, and hence, prompt service and responses are achievable. There is also a high level of automation which helps the city clean, safe, and secure without needlessly risking any citizen’s life. Any trouble of any kind is predicted and handled before it happens. The threat to life and lifestyle is minimal and the standard of living is generally high.
This again is where 5G is in its elements along with the advancements in IoT devices. Surveillance enabled by 5G would be unlike anything that came before it. But along with the utopian side of 5G enabled surveillance, we should also consider the dystopian side of it. This comprehensive surveillance means the state control over its population could also be near-absolute and the cost of such a surveillance state is our freedom and rights. Examples of surveillance states are already showing up around the world with dangerous threats to lives, livelihoods, and individual liberties.
5G and Safety
When the number of devices connected to the internet explodes, so will the cybersecurity risks and detection will be profoundly challenging given the sheer number. As they say: the chain is only as strong as the weakest link. With the proliferation of different kinds of internet-connected devices with different levels of security rules, hackers will have more opportunities to get into secure networks by accessing the weakest devices in the network.
Think cheap smart thermostats or light sensors connected to the main network. Another hurdle is the relatively fewer number of players in the 5G technology landscape, chief among them being the controversial Chinese technology giant, Huawei, which is leading with a sizable share in the hardware market.
They’re also way ahead in 5G technologies compared to the competition. But Huawei is viewed skeptically by many governments due to its apparent close links to the Chinese government. Many believe giving network access to Huawei and its devices can endanger their internal security. However, audits by leading security experts have not found any such security loopholes in Huawei devices.
Is Bangladeshi market ready?
Now, let’s explore whether the Bangladeshi market is ready to embrace the advent of 5G. As many as 56 percent of Bangladeshi businesses consider 5G to be the game changer for them in the next five years, showed the HSBC Navigator survey, conducted on behalf of the international bank by Kantar, one of the largest research agencies worldwide based in London.
Of the respondents, 26 percent think 5G will improve supply chain management and 20 percent think it will enhance product and service delivery. The report came as Bangladesh is preparing a guideline to introduce 5G by 2021. The Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission has until January 31 to come up with the draft guideline.
According to the survey, 46 percent companies identified data security as the second most important growth driver. Of the businesses, 22 percent pointed out that Internet of Things (IoT) are the next important stuffs and 18 percent stated robotics will play a significant role in the future journey.
Kantar surveyed 193 businesses in Bangladesh between August and September in 2019.
Artificial intelligence (AI), 3D printing and machine learning, facial or image recognition, augmented or virtual reality, blockchain and wearables are the other technologies that will also play an important role, the report said.
“Not only technology businesses, these technologies will lead any business in the coming days,” said Mahboob Zaman, an ICT entrepreneur in Bangladesh.
“5G will happen by default and that will also be vital for the business because of its ecosystem – which is also easy to predict,” said Habibullah N Karim, a policy activist and serial entrepreneur in the country.
There is no need to wait for the future as data security is already important for the current situation. This is because both public and private sectors are facing major security threat and the risks will only mount in the coming days, said Karim, also a former president of the Bangladesh Association of Software and Information Services (BASIS) and currently chief executive officer of Technohaven Company.
He pointed out Bangladesh’s lack of preparation in dealing with data security issues. According to the HSBC survey report, 18 percent Bangladeshi companies believe that data security technology will aid sustainability efforts.
In Karim’s view, 3D printing, an additive manufacturing process of making three dimensional solid objects from a digital file, should be a highly encouraging thing that can bring revolution in a very short time.
“We have seen some preparations in blockchain segment at both private and public sectors but there has been no progress in 3D printing,” he said, adding that 3D printing could be the game changer so the government needs to give some encouragement.
When 5G will be rolled out, other technological advancements will automatically flourish in the market, said Zaman, managing director of DataSoft Systems Bangladesh.
“But to reap the optimum benefit from technological advancement, we need to take sufficient preparation with the upcoming services.”
Many companies are working with new technologies such as AI, robotics and blockchain, but the pace has to be accelerated. Mainstream companies are also not warmly welcoming these technologies. “This is frustrating,” he said.
“The government needs to play an active role to address the skill gaps to adopt new technologies to flourish in the future businesses. The ICT industry has also responsibility,” he said.
